Steps to writing test cases for database testing
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1) Learn the functional requirement of the application (SRS) completely

2) Find out the back end tables used, joined used between the tables, cursors used (if any), triggers used(if any), stored procedures used (if any), input parameter used and output parameters used for developing that requirement.

3) By knowing all these things write the test case with different input values for checking and comparing the actual results with the expected results for the application.

Note : For writing test cases for back end operations, the tester must know the white box testing.